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Magdala Arioli, Lew Fulton, Oliver Lah,
Transportation strategies for a 1.5 °C world: A comparison of four countries, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 87, 2020, 102526, ISSN 1361-9209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102526. Abstract: Decarbonizing transportation in emerging economies will be one of the key challenges in global climate change mitigation efforts. In this paper, pathways are developed towards achieving a 1.5° degree scenario for land-transport for four emerging economies (Brazil, India, Kenya and Vietnam). The aim is to highlight the key opportunities and challenges for low-carbon transport in countries with rapidly growing mobility demand. The main focus of this paper is to reconcile actual and required emission reduction targets and develop plausible pathways to achieve these targets. The paper also identifies potential strategies and measures for these countries to follow these pathways. The analysis considers the contributions of “avoid” (cutting travel growth), “shift” (to lower CO2 modes) and “improve” (vehicle and fuel CO2 characteristics) interventions to decarbonisation scenarios. These scenarios aim to inform renewed Nationally Determined Contributions and shed light on the feasibility of deep decarbonisation pathways that would be in line with the Paris Agreement. Results from this study show that achieving 1.5DS would require dramatic changes in travel patterns, technology and fuels, and major intensification of current policy approaches. Decarbonization solutions will need to include greater use and investment of efficient modes, major shifts toward near-zero carbon fuels such as clean electricity, systems integration, modal shift and urban planning solutions. Although the socio-economic situations and national transport systems differ between the selected countries, some fairly similar strategies appear likely to be core to the mitigation effort, such as rapid growth in light- and heavy-duty vehicle electrification and investments in public transit systems. |
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Oliver Lah, Lew Fulton, Magdala Arioli,
Chapter 3 - Decarbonization Scenarios for Transport and the Role of Urban Mobility, Editor(s): Oliver Lah, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Elsevier, 2019, Pages 65-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00003-X. Abstract: To bring transport onto a decarbonization pathway, significant action is required on policies and investments. This includes decarbonization of fuels, more efficient vehicles, urban design, and changes in travel patterns and mode shares. This chapter shows that growth in demand for mobility outpaces efficiency gains, which shows that technological progress will not deliver the transformative change that is needed for the sector and highlights the need for policy intervention. The analysis carried out in this chapter builds on a range of assessments of the climate change mitigation potential of the sector and applies their data in different quantitative scenarios that aim to provide a perspective on local and international decarbonization scenarios. It shows that a decarbonization pathway for transport requires a policy approach that combines compact and mixed-use city design, high-capacity public transport system, efficient logistics solutions, fuel efficiency, and fuel switch options, and emphasizes that isolated measures will fall short of achieving the climate change mitigation targets and Sustainable Development Goals. |
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Oliver Lah, Saul Alveano, Magdala Arioli, Venn Chesterton, Lefteris Sdoukopoulos,
Chapter 2 - Sustainable Urban Mobility Solutions for Asia, Latin America and the Mediterranean Region, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Elsevier, 2019, Pages 23-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00002-8. Abstract: Cities around the world strive to establish sustainable urban transport systems in order to provide efficient and safe mobility services for their citizens with minimum environmental and social impacts. With often-limited opportunities to build new infrastructure, cities aim to increase the efficiency and capacity of their existing transport systems by deploying innovative, sustainable, and technically advanced solutions. The successful transfer and implementation of urban mobility solutions between global regions proves to be particularly challenging considering that socioeconomic conditions and the respective policy frameworks differ substantially. A number of projects have successfully demonstrated the transfer of selected solutions between leading and take-up cities. Such paradigms confirm the high value of collaborative learning and exchanging experiences within different cultures and planning practices. Cities, regions, and countries around the world often share similar urban mobility challenges, with some cities being more or less progressive than others. While there are advantages to sharing best practices, examples, and lessons learnt, it is of significant benefit to city officials and other relevant stakeholders to have a robust methodology in place, which they can follow to implement and harmonize successful urban mobility policies, measures, and technologies. Urban mobility has proved to be strongly influenced by a spectrum of economic, social, and political factors, indicating the need for analyzing the conditions, trends, and implications of sustainable urban mobility solutions in each of the different Mediterranean, Latin-American, and Asian countries. This chapter summarizes the conditions, trends, and implications of sustainable urban mobility solutions in China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, Israel, and Morocco. |
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Oliver Lah,
Chapter 6 - National Urban Mobility Policy Frameworks, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Elsevier, 2019, Pages 119-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00006-5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128148976000065) Abstract: The transport sector can be set on a sustainable development pathway through cost-effective efficiency gains. These can be achieved through already-existing technologies and practices, which will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions considerably, but also create social, environmental, and economic cobenefits. However, growth in the uptake of low-carbon mobility measures fails to meet its full potential. This results from a number of contributing obstacles. This chapter explores these and outlines key elements of a wider policy framework to improve the efficiency of the transport sector and reduce emissions. The chapter recommends that a combination of fuel pricing, differentiated vehicle taxation, vehicle standards coupled with a National Urban Mobility Policy that provides a framework for policy coordination and funding flows is required to move transport on a sustainable development path. Funds generated through national-level policy fuel and vehicle taxation measures can provide the sources of investments for improved urban design and modal choices, which are vital cornerstones of a transition toward low-carbon mobility. |
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Oliver Lah,
Chapter 1 - Trends, Drivers, and Pathways for Sustainable Urban Mobility, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Elsevier, 2019, Pages 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00001-6. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128148976000016) Abstract: Transport plays a key role in delivering on the Paris Agreement, the sustainable development goals, and the New Urban Agenda. While providing essential services to society and economy, transport is also an important part of the economy and it is at the core of a number of major sustainability challenges, in particular climate change, air quality, safety, energy security, and efficiency in the use of resources. This book identifies the linkages between decarbonization pathways, policy design, coalition building, and institutional frameworks. The analysis shows that there are critical interlinkages between these aspects: •Decarbonization of the transport sector is not possible through isolated measures. A broad range of local and national actions are needed to bring the sectors on to a low-carbon development path.•A holistic policy approach is needed to deliver on wider sustainable development objectives. Addressing a broader range of policy objectives can help forming coalitions and consensus among key political and societal actors.•Consensus-oriented institutions are needed to maintain a stable policy environment that enables the long-term transitions towards a low-carbon development path. |
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Oliver Lah, Barbara Lah,
Chapter 4 - Opportunities for Synergies and Cobenefits, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Elsevier, 2019, Pages 81-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00004-1. Abstract: It is often claimed that transport is one of the hardest sector to decarbonize. This view is challenged by a number of more recent papers, which show that an integrated policy approach can address cobenefits with other key policy objectives, such as health, productivity, energy security, and safety, which can lead to a maximum of socioeconomic benefits. These synergies between policy objectives have the potential to incorporate the positions of relevant veto players, which can help in forming coalitions to support policy implementation, which is often neglected in studies on the decarbonization potential of the sector and it is the main focus for this part of the chapter to answer that question. If applied in isolation, policy measures are unlikely to achieve goals without generating trade-offs that create a risk of a veto player blocking the implementation process. This chapter identifies the opportunities of an integrated policy approach to sustainable transport and identifies potential contributions to coalition building. This is a vital element in the conceptual framework of this thesis as it creates the link between policy ambition, integration, and the potential for coalition building. Practical examples of low-carbon transport policy measures are provided, along with quantified cobenefits for key policy objectives and a mapping of institutional actors and potential veto players is proposed. The chapter provides a concise overview on potential cobenefits of a selection of specific measures to highlight the contribution of sustainable transport measures to economic, social, and environmental policy objectives, which provides the basis for the identification of key policy actors and veto-players. |
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Oliver Lah,
Chapter 5 - Governance and Institutions for a Long-Term Transition to Low-Carbon Mobility, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Elsevier, 2019, Pages 99-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00005-3. Abstract: Change in political leadership can directly affect climate change mitigation policies. This is particularly true in sectors such as transport, where often long-term investments by individuals (e.g., in cars) and by local and national governments (e.g., transport infrastructure and services) are made. The large potential for efficient solutions to reduce CO2 emissions and to improve the sustainability of the transport sector has been so far unexploited. It is hard to understand why this potential has not yet been exploited, considering its cost-effectiveness and the potential for cobenefits. Particularly interesting is the fact that countries with relatively similar economic performances and similar access to efficient technologies and vehicles show substantial differences in the development of their transport CO2 emissions over the past 30 years. This study applies some well-established political science theories on the example of climate change mitigation in the transport sector in order to identify some of the factors that could help explain these differences in the success of policies and strategies. The analysis suggests that institutional set-ups that contribute to consensus building in the political process provide the political and policy stability that is necessary for changes in sectors that rely on long-term investments. However, there is no direct correlation between institutional structures, e.g., corporatism and success in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. Before actual policy progress can be observed, environmental objectives need to be built into the consensus-based policy structure. This usually takes more time in consensus democracies than in politically more flexible majoritarian systems, but the policy stability that builds on corporatist institutional structures is likely to experience changes over the longer term, like a lasting shift towards low-carbon transport. |
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East Africa´s Policy and Stakeholder Integration of Informal Operators in Electric Mobility Transitions - Kigali, Nairobi, Kisumu and Dar es Salaam
Resource I 2021 I Sustainability Jakub Galuszka, Emilie Martin, Alphonse Nkurunziza, Judith Achieng´ Oginga, Jacqueline Senyagwa, Edmund Teko, Oliver Lah, East Africa´s Policy and Stakeholder Integration of Informal Operators in Electric Mobility Transitions - Kigali, Nairobi, Kisumu and Darr es Salaam First published: Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041703 |
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Driving towards transformation? To what extent does global climate governance promote decarbonisation of land transport?
Resource I 2021 I Earth System Governance Wolfgang Obergassel, Oliver Lah, Frederic Rudolph, Driving towards transformation? To what extent does global climate governance promote decarbonisation of land transport? First published: Earth System Governance, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100098 |
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What do we know about the role the human dimension plays in shaping a sustainable low-carbon transport transition? In Marta A.R. Lopes Carlos Henggeler Antunes Kathryn B. Janda (eds.) Energy and Behaviour - Towards a Low Carbon Future
Resource I 2019 I Elsevier Figueroa, M., Lah, O., (2019), What do we know about the role the human dimension plays in shaping a sustainable low-carbon transport transition? First published: Elsevier 2019, www.elsevier.com/books/energy-and-behaviour/lopes/978-0-12-818567-4 |
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Chapter 1 - Trends, Drivers, and Pathways for Sustainable Urban Mobility
Resource I 2019 I Elsevier Oliver Lah, Trends, Drivers, and Pathways for Sustainable Urban Mobility First published: Elsevier 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814897-6.00001-6 |
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On a pathway to de-carbonization - A comparison of new passenger car CO2 emission standards and taxation measures in the G20 countries
Resource I 2018 I Elsevier Zifei Yang, Peter Mock, John German, Anup Bandivadekar, Oliver Lah, On a pathway to de-carbonization - A comparison of new passenger car CO2 emission standards and taxation measures in the G20 countries First published: Elsevier October 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.022 |
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Decarbonizing the transportation sector: policy options, synergies, and institutions to deliver on a low‐carbon stabilization pathway
Resource I 2017 I WIREs Energy and Environment Oliver Lah, Decarbonizing the transportation sector: policy options, synergies, and institutions to deliver on a low-carbon stabilisation pathway First published: 12 September 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.257 |
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Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways
Resource I 2019 I Elsevier Lah, O., 2019, Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways, Policies, Institutions, and Coalitions for Low Carbon Transport in Emerging Countries, Elsevier. |
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Transportation strategies for a 1.5 C world: A comparison of four countries
Resource I 2020 I Transport Research Part D Arioli, M., Fulton, L., Lah, O. (2020). Transportation strategies for a 1.5 C world: A comparison for four countries. Transport Research Part D - Transport and Environment, 87 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102526 |
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Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe
Resource I 2020 I Springer Lah, O., Lah, B., On a Pathway to Decarbonisation, in: Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe, Springer, 2020 |
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Decarbonising the transport sector
Resource I 2017 I UEMI Lah, O. (2017). Decarbonising the transportation sector: policy options, synergies and institutions to deliver on a low-carbon stabilisation pathway, WIREs Energy and Environment, Volume 6 Issue 5. |
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Energy for Transport
Resource I 2014 I Annual Review Figueroa, M. Lah, O., Fulton, L., McKinnon, A. Tiwari G. (2014) Energy for Transport, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 39: 393-418. |
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Policy Environment Paper South Africa
Resource I 2018 I UEMI Policy Environment Paper South Africa, UEMI, 2018. |
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EV Readiness Assessment Cape Town
Resource I 2018 I UEMI EV Readiness Assessment Cape Town, UEMI, 2018. |
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Scoping Paper - Open - Streets South Africa
Resource I 2018 I UEMI Scoping Paper - Open Streets South Africa, UEMI, 2018. |
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Factsheet: Public Participation
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Public Participation in Urban Transport, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Bus Rapid Transit System
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Bus Rapid Transit System, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Trolley Bus System
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Trolley Bus System, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Integrated Public Transport
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Integrated Public Transport, UEMI, 2017. |
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Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Intelligent Transport System, UEMI, 2017. |
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Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Bus priority measures, UEMI, 2017. |
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Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Integrated Fare System, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Bike Share and Public Bicycle Systems
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Bike Share and Public Bicycle Systems, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Metro Systems
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Metro Systems, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Transit Oriented Development
Resource I 2018 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Transit Oriented Development, UEMI, 2018. |
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Factsheet: Dedicated Bus Lane
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Dedicated Bus Lane, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Pedestrianizing City Centres and Streets
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Pedestrianizing City Centres and Streets, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Pedestrian Infrastructure
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Pedestrian Infrastructure, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Improving non motorised transportation
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Improving non-motorised transportation, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Last mile urban deliveries with cargo cycles
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI, Factsheet: Last mile urban deliveries with cargo cycles, UEMI, 2017. |
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Factsheet: Electric Handcart
Resource I 2018 I UEMI Guantai, K., Shrestha, S., Factsheet: Electric Handcart, UEMI, 2019. |
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Factsheet: Electric Three Wheeler
Resource I 2018 I UEMI Shrestha, S., Factsheet: Electric Three Wheeler, UEMI, 2018. |
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Electric vehicles in municipal fleets
Resource I 2017 I UEMI UEMI_SOLUTIONS, Electric vehicles in municipal fleets, UEMI, 2017. |
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Resource I 2018 I UEMI Mejia, A., Electric Urban Delivery Trucks, UEMI, 2018. |
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